珍贵药材黄花倒水莲的群落结构及物种多样性研究

Community Structure and Species Diversity of Precious Herbs Polygala fallax Hemsl.

黄花倒水莲系华南民间常用且珍贵中药材。采用样方调查法对福建省三明地区黄花倒水莲群落的植物组成、群落结构和物种多样性进行了分析。结果表明,在26个样方、共计2600m2的样地内,群落有维管植物89科167属205种。种子植物属的区系成分划分为12个分布型和8个变型,热带性分布属稍占优势,占总属数的57.85%;温带性成分占总属数的40.7%。生活型谱分析显示群落包括藤本在内的高位芽植物占总种数的58.53%,其中以小高位芽和矮高位芽植物占优势;地面芽和地上芽占较大比例,以蕨类植物和多年生草本植物为主,地下芽和1年生植物很少。群落垂直结构分为乔木层、灌木层和草本层。物种丰富度指数、Simpson指数、Shannon-Wiener指数和Pielou均匀度指数分析表明:群落垂直结构多样性特点为草本层>灌木层>乔木层>层外层,草本层的各项多样性指数均显著大于其他层次。为黄花倒水莲人工栽培选择适生环境提供参考,提出了开发利用和资源保护的建议。

Polygala fallax is a precious Chinese medicinal herb,which is commonly used in South China.The species composition,community structure and species diversity of Polygala fallax Community at Sanming Area in Fujian Province were analyzed by the plot survey method.The results showed that the community was composed of 205 vascular species belonging to 89 families and 167 genera.Based on the data collected from 26 sample plots with a total area of 2600 m2.Floral composition of seed plants genera consisted of 12 distribution types and 8 variable types,The tropical distribution types were in superior,whose elements accounted for 57.85% of total generic numbers and the temperate elements accounted for 40.7%.The life form spectrum showed that the phanerophytes including the vines take 58.53% of the total in which Microphanerophyta and Nanophanerophyta take dominant position in the community.Hemicryptophytes and Chamaephytes accounted for certain proportion,they were mainly composed of Pteridophyta and Herbaceos perennial.Geophytes and Therophyta accounted for less proportion.The vertical structure of community could be divided into tree layer,shrub layer and herb layer.The species richness index,Simpson index,Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou evenness index were analysed.The results indicated that： The descending order of the magnitude of species diversity was herb layer,shrub layer,tree layer and vine layer.The species diversity index of herb layer were significantly higher than other layers.The results provide reference to select a suitable environment for artificial cultivation of Polygala fallax.Finally,the exploitation,utilization and protection of Polygala fallax resources were proposed in this paper.