鼾症患儿中耳功能临床分析及护理对策

Clinical analysis of middle ear function and nursing intervention for children patients with obstruc- tive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome

目的通过对儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）患者中耳功能的临床分析，探讨有效的干预措施。方法对413例OSAHS患儿（0SAHs组）（3~5岁144例，6~8岁206例，9—16岁63例）术前进行声导抗检查，异常者行听力测试，术后3个月复查声导抗及听力，并与正常对照组279例（3～5岁94例，6-8岁104例，9～16岁81例）进行比较。结果OSAHS组中288例328耳有不同程度的中耳功能损害，阳性率为69．73％，69例72耳有不同程度听力下降，中耳功能异常和听力下降的发生率明显高于对照组的7．53％和1．43％，差异有统计学意义；2组中中耳功能异常和听力下降的发生率均随年龄增长而逐渐降低。经手术及护理干预后，2组听力异常患儿的听力均恢复正常。结论儿童OSAHS患者有不同程度中耳功能和听力损害的可能，但随着年龄增长，其发生率逐渐降低。因此，早期发现早期治疗，并进行有效护理干预能达到较好的临床效果。

Objective To explore effective nursing intervention through clinical analysis of middle ear function of children with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome（OSAHS）. Methods Tympanogram was obtained from both pre-operation and post-operation in 413 OSAHS cases（the OSAHS group）. Audiogram was conducted if the tympanogram was abnormal. There were 279 cases of normal children in the control group. The incidence of middle ear function loss of two groups were compared. Results 288 cases（328 ears） had some degree of middle ear dysfunction, accounting for 69.73%. 69 cases had some degree of hearing loss, accounting for 16.71%. The incidences of middle ear dysfunction and degree of hearing loss in the OSAHS group were higher than 7.53% and 1.43% of the control group. The hearing ability was gained after opera- tion in both groups. Conclusions The incidence of middle ear dysfunction is higher in children with ob- structive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome. But the bad influence alleviated with age. Therefore, early detec- tion, timely treatment and effective nursing can achieve good effect.