本地化的社会资本与促进流动人口的社会融合

Localized Social Capital and Social Integration of Migrants in Urban China

我国城市化发展过程中的一个重要任务是促进流动人口在流入地城市的社会融合。与目前的研究更多关注户籍制度改革和以户籍制度为基础的各种城乡制度改革不同,文章提出重视社会机制的作用,推动流动人口与所在城市社区、组织和居民产生更为密切的联系,使流动人口在城市中积累起本地化的社会资本,这是促进流动人口融入城市的重要因素。研究从社会参与、社会信任和社会交往三个维度来定义和衡量流动人口本地化的社会资本,分析影响流动人口本地化的社会资本的主要因素,通过模型分析说明本地化的社会资本对流动人口社会融合所具有的影响。并在此基础上,通过各种方式促进流动人口积极参与城市公共事务、培养流动人口与本地人口的相互信任和相互包容,以及促进流动人口和本地居民发展更加积极、更加正面的社会交往,从而对培养二者之间的社会信任提出建议。

One of the most important tasks of urbanization in China today is to accelerate large amount of migrants integrating into urban society. Different from existing researches which focus on hukou system and institutional reforms, this paper emphasizes the role of social capital and social mechanism in improving social integration of migrants, calling for a closer relationship between migrants and urban local residents. Improving the quantity and quality of Localized Social Capital （LSC） would be a crucial factor contributing to social integration of migrants. The paper defines and measures LSC in three dimensions： Social Participation （SP）, Social Trust （SC） and Social Intercourse （SI）, and analyzes how those LSCs have influenced social integration of migrants. While SP and ST have significant effect on migrants＇ social integration, the effect of SI is not significant. The paper discusses policy implications for enhancing migrants＇ LSCs to promote their social integration： encouraging more social participation and involvement in public affairs; cultivating mutual trust between migrants and local residents; and developing more positive intercourse and communications between migrants and local residents.