不同有机肥对设施土壤有效磷累积与淋溶的影响

Effect of Different Organic Manures on Accumulation and Leaching of Olsen-P in Greenhouse Soil

采用田间试验,研究了不同有机肥对设施土壤有效磷累积、淋溶及季节性变化的影响。结果表明,等磷量条件下,鸡粪、猪粪处理与化肥处理相比,更能增加土壤Olsen-P的累积量和淋溶量,且施用量越大作用越明显。鸡粪TC3、猪粪TS3土壤表层Olsen-P累积量分别比化肥高出50.60%、70.29%;20 cm以下淋溶量分别比化肥处理高出159.5%、111.6%。商品有机肥与化肥相比降低了表层Olsen-P含量,且用量越大作用越明显;商品有机肥土壤淋溶量也低于化肥处理,但用量越大,淋溶量有上升趋势。设施土壤Olsen-P含量高低与施肥时期密切相关,周年呈现"M"形变化规律。不同肥料影响不同,影响大小顺序为猪粪>鸡粪>化肥>商品有机肥。因此,为减少设施土壤Olsen-P的累积与淋溶,鸡粪、猪粪施用量要适当减少,商品有机肥可适当增加。

A field plot experiment was conducted to study the effect of different organic manures on accumulation, leaching and seasonal changes of Olsen-P in greenhouse soil. The results showed that phosphorus amount in the same conditions, chicken manure and pig manure were better than chemical fertilizer in increasing soil Olsen-P accumulation and leaching volume, and the greater the application amount, the more the obvious effect. Compared with the chemical fertilizer, the accumulations of Olsen-P in surface soil were increased by 50.60% and 70.29%, and the leaching amounts of Olsen-P were increased by 159.5% and 111.6% in treatments of chicken manure and swine manure with 22.5 t hm^-2. Commercial organic fertilizer compared with chemical fertilizer reduced Olsen-P content of the surface soil. Commercial organic fertilizer also reduced the leaching amount of Olsen-P, but increasing application amount. The leaching amount could be increased. The level of soil Olsen-P content was closely related to the fertilization period, and annual changes showed ＂M＂-shaped. Different fertilizers had different effects on soil Olsen-P, the order from high to low was swine manure〉chicken manure〉chemical fertilizer〉commercial organic fertilizer. Therefore, in order to reduce the soil Olsen-P accumulation and leaching, the application amount of chicken manure and swine manure could be appropriate to reduce, commercial organic fertilizer may be increased.