中国行业工资差距的演化与特征

The Evolution and Characteristics of the Wage Gap among China's Sectors

文章采用多种不平等指数,从静态和动态两方面分析了1983～2010年中国行业工资差距的演化与特征。无论是用基尼系数、泰尔指数还是阿特金森指数计算的行业工资差距均表明,中国行业工资差距在20世纪80年代呈下降趋势,并于1988年达到最低点,之后开始持续上升至今。行业工资分布的演化表明,中国行业工资呈现出高者愈高、低者愈低的行业"马太效应"。基于广义基尼系数的行业工资差距变化分解结果表明,20世纪80年代的行业工资增长更多地集中于低工资行业,90年代以后的行业工资增长更多地集中于高工资行业。基于行业工资转换矩阵和流动性指数的测算结果表明,在考察期内,中国行业工资流动性越来越弱,只有在1983～1992年的行业工资流动性才是社会合意的,其他时期的行业工资流动性过低。

Based on both static and dynamic view this paper uses a variety of inequality indexes to characterize the evolution of China industry wage gap in the 1983-2010 period.Measures of the industry wage gap,computed by the Gini coefficient,the Theil index or the Atkinson index,show that China's industry wage gap was the lowest point in 1988 with the downward trend in the 1980s.Then it started rising till now.The evolution of the industry wage distribution demonstrates the Matthew effect that the high becomes higher while the low gets lower.The breakdown results of this industry wage gap change,based on the generalized Gini coefficient,show that the industry wage growth in the 1980's was more concentrated in low-wage industries,and the industry wage growth after the 1990s was more concentrated in high-wage industries.During the inspection period,the estimated results,based on the industry wage conversion matrix and liquidity indexes,indicate that China's industry wage liquidity has become weaker and weaker.It was only social desirable in the 1983-1992 period and was too low in other periods.