北京典型乔-草型绿地灌溉用水量模拟——以银杏-草地早熟禾配置绿地为例

Annual Water Consumption Simulation of Typical Allocation Green Space in Different Hydrological Years in Beijing Area——A Case Study of Ginkgo bilba-Poa Pratensis Allocation of Green Space

城市园林绿地灌溉用水估算对于城市水资源计划分配以及绿地规划具有重要意义。以北京市1961-2010年50年气象数据为背景,利用SWAP作物模型模拟计算银杏-早熟禾绿地乔木蒸腾耗水与灌溉需水量,利用观测数据对模型进行校验,该模型可以有效模拟城市园林绿地的土壤水分动态与植物蒸腾耗水。模拟结果得出:①多年平均绿地蒸腾耗水量346±65mm,所需要灌水量为165±76mm,灌溉需水量的主要时间5、6、10月,分别占总灌溉量23%、27%、13%;②由于不同年份降水不同,根据频率分析,要使得90%年份植物供水充分,灌溉水量应为230mm。

The annual irrigation water requirement of green space with Ginkgo- Poa Pratensis is simulated based on SWAP （soil-water -atmosphere-plant ） model in different hydrological years in Beijing area. The results show that the SWAP model is accurate to simulate regional evapotranspiration and soil moisture migration process of green space in different hydrological years. According to simulation results, the evapotranspiration amount of Ginkgo - Kentucky bluegrass green space in normal hydrological year is 346 ± 65 mm, the required irrigation water quantity is 165±76 mm, the time when irrigation is required is mainly in May, June, October, of which the irrigation quantity is 23%, 27%, 13% of the total irrigation, respectively. Due to different precipitation in different years, according to the frequency analysis, the irrigation water should be 230 mm to ensure that the plant water supply is adequate in 90% of the years.