观赏挺水植物在河涌污水中的生长及净化效果研究

A Study on Growth and Sewage Purification of Ornamental Emerged Plants under Rivulet Water Pollution

以再力花(Thalia dealbata)、海芋(Alocasia macrorrhizos)、风车草(Cyperus alternifolius)、水葱(Scirpus taber-naemontani)等11种挺水植物为试验材料,探讨在河涌污水培养条件下,观赏挺水植物在人工湿地系统中河涌污水处理下的生长情况及其对污水的净化效果,以筛选出适合城市河涌的观赏植物材料。结果表明:(1)挺水植物具备一定净化河涌污水的能力,其中以再力花、海芋、花叶美人蕉(Canna generalis)、花叶芦竹(Arundodonax)效果最明显;(2)污水胁迫下,黄花鸢尾(Iris pseudacorus)、水葱等植物株高降低、叶面积减小、总生物量及根系生物量明显下降,表明这些植物对河涌污水的抗逆性较差,表现出生长不良甚至枯死现象,而再力花、海芋、花叶美人蕉和翠芦莉(Ruellia brittoniana)的生长活性却明显增强。推荐再力花、海芋、花叶美人蕉、翠芦莉、风车草、花叶芦竹等挺水植物为广州河涌水体净化和景观美化的适宜植物材料。

The growth paramerers of 11 wetland emerged pints and their effects on water pollution purification were studied. The results showed that： （1） wetland emerged plants could purify the urban rivulet water pollution to some extent, Thalia clealbata, Alocasia Macrorrhizos, Canna generalis and Arurtdo donax had the most powerful capacity. （2） Waste water treatment could decrease the leaf area, growth height and total biomass of Iris pseudacorus and Scirpus tabernaemontani, therefore weakening their growth behavior. However, in the case of Alocasia macrorrhizos, Canna generalis, Vetiveria zizanioides and Ruellia brittoniana, the growth capacity increased at different extents. Thalia dealbata ,Alocasia macrorrhizos, Canna generalis, Ruellia brittoniana, Cyperus alternifolius and Acorus calamus were suggested to be appropriate water pollution purification and landscape materials in Guangzhou urban rivulets.