肥密耦合对广西玉米主推品种产量及其构成因子的影响

Effects of planting density and fertilizer combining on yield and its component factors of main extended maize varieties in Guangxi

【目的】探讨密肥耦合对本地区主推玉米品种的产量及其构成因子的影响关系，为生产应用提供依据。【方法】采用完全随机区组设计，开展主推玉米品种不同的种植密度和肥料施用试验，试验品种为正大619、玉美头105和玉美头168；设39000、46500、54000株／ha3个种植密度，常规分次施用复合肥、一次性施用生物缓效肥及不施肥（对照）3种施肥模式，调查测定各处理组合条件下玉米产量及其构成因子等指标。【结果】正大619种植密度为54000株/ha产量最高，玉美头168和玉美头105种植密度为46500株／ha产量最高；千粒重、穗粗、行粒数均随种植种植密度的增加而下降；常规分次施肥处理各品种产量及千粒重均显著高于一次性施肥处理，秃尖、穗粗、行粒数则无显著差异。【结论】常规分次施肥为获得高产的首选方式，缓效生物肥在玉米生育后期供肥不足。一次性施肥采用的适宜种植密度为46500～54000株／ha，缓效生物肥施肥量为975kg/ha，采用一次性施肥技术时应选用抗倒伏品种，并注意增施有机肥底肥，防止后期脱肥减产。

[Objective ] The aim of this experiment was to explore effects of planting density and fertilizer combining on the yield and its component factors of local main extended maize varieties and provide references for practical production. [Method]Complete randomized block design was applied in this experiment, three maize varieties vlz., CP619, Yumeitou 105 and Yumeitou 168 were used as test materials. Maize yield and its component factors were investigated and measured under the combinations of different planting densities （39000, 46500, 54000 plants/ha） and three fertilization modes （conventional muhi-application of compound fertilizer, single application of slow-release biotic fertilizer, and no fertilizer）. [Result]The yield of CP 619 reached the highest at planting density of 54000 plants/ha, while the yield of Yumeitou 168 and Yumeitou 105 reached the highest at planting density of 46500 plants/ha. 1000-grain weight, ear diame- ter, and grains per row decreased with the increase of planting density. Under conventional multi-application of compound fertilizer, yield and 1000-grain weight of the three maize varieties were significantly higher than that under single applica- tion of slow-release biotic fertilizer, but no difference was found in barren ear tip, ear diameter and kernel per row under the two fertilization modes. [ Conclusion ] Conventional multi-application of compound fertilizer was the preferred way to get high maize yield, while slow-release biotic fertilizer could not supply sufficient fertilize in late growth period of maize. For single fertilization, suitable planting density was 46500-54000 plants/ha with the fertilization rate of 975 kg/ha. When choosing lodging-resistant cultivars, the organic base fertilizer should be increased to avoid yield reduction due to the lack of fertilizer in late growth period of maize.