汉代“上公”职官述论

The Study of “On the Public” Official Post in the Han Dynasty

"上公"位于汉代帝国官僚系统的顶端,是地位和声誉最高的官。"上公"一词在汉代有三个含义,分别为高于三公的官、类于三公位的官和爵位。"上公"的外延包括太师、太傅、太保、宋公、卫公、"四辅"以及被特别赐予"位三公上"的大将军和骠骑将军。通过对各个"上公"职官的详细考察,纠正了"上公"职官乃政治花瓶的传统错误观点,在实际的政治生活中有些"上公"职官并非橡皮图章,反而具有很大的实权,并发挥着非常重要的政治影响。

＂On the public＂ as official post of the highest status and reputation is located on the top of the imperial bureaucratic system in the Han Dynasty. The term ＂on the public＂ has three meanings in the Han Dynasty which are officials higher than Three Excellencies,officials similar to Three Excellencies and the title of nobility. The extension of the ＂on the public＂ includes pre- ceptor, tutor, Song gong,duke,＂auxiliaries＇,and particularly bestowed generals and generals of hussars who are higher than Three Excellencies. By a detailed study of each ＂on the public＂offi- cial post,the traditional wrong view of treating it as a political showpiece is corrected. In the ac- tual political life, some ＂on the public＂ official post is not a rubber stamp, but has a the great real power and has very important political implications.