塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地滴灌种植肉苁蓉的试验研究

Experiment on Cultivation of Cistanche deserticola under Drip Irrigated in the Hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert

在塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地的人工梭梭林,利用咸水滴灌技术,对种植肉苁蓉(Cistanche deserticola)的开挖方式、播种方式、接种深度以及稳产技术等进行了试验研究。结果表明:①提高肉苁蓉种子和寄主根系接触的几率是提高人工接种肉苁蓉效果的有效途径。不同种植方式的肉苁蓉出土率为:沟种>打洞>穴种,撒种>种植带(种植纸)。②采用开沟、撒种方式种植肉苁蓉,随播种量增加,出土肉苁蓉数量呈增加趋势,但存在一个上限值。在沙地滴灌种植肉苁蓉适宜的播种量为300粒/m。③接种深度应控制在寄主根系主要分布层以内,并结合作业方式及作业成本来综合确定,在沙地滴灌接种深度不宜超过60 cm。④人工接种肉苁蓉具有一次接种,多年采收的效果,但肉苁蓉出土率年际间差异较大。接种后第2 a至第4 a为主要收获期。采用沟种、撒种技术春季接种肉苁蓉,接种后连续3 a平均出土率可以保持在1株/m以上,肉苁蓉鲜重产量达1 800 kg/hm2,经济效益显著。

Cistanche deserticola is an endangered wild species adapting to growing in arid or semiarid area. This species is traditionally used in many countries as a tonic, and it has been currently planted as a new cultivated plant species in northwest China. In order to improve the cultivation technical level of C. deserticola, many cultivation experiments under drip irrigation with saline water were carried out in the hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert, in- cluding the different ditch and seeding ways, different inoculation depths and technology of stably increasing yield. The results of this study are as follows ： （ 1 ） It is an effective way of improving the inoculation rate to increase the contacting rate of C. deserticola seeds with the host-plant roots, and the harvested biomass of C. deserticola under different cultivation ways was in orders of ditching seeding 〉 holing seeding 〉 digging seeding, and broad seeding 〉 line seeding with seeding paperboard; （2） The harvested biomass of C. deserticola was increased with the in-crease of seeding amount under ditching seeding and broad seeding, but there was a upper limit, and the suitable seeding amount is 300 seeds/m under drip irrigation in sand;（3 ） Considering the cultivation ways and their cost, the inoculation depth should be kept in the main areas of the host-plant roots, and the depth should be shallower than 60 cm under drip irrigation in sand; （4） Once C. deserticola was inoculated, it could be harvested repeatedly. However, the harvested biomass of C. deserticola differed remarkably from different years, and the first three years were the main harvest time. The harvested biomass of C. deserticola could keep over 1 plant/m, and the economic in- come of cultivated C. deserticola was very remarkable since its fresh yield was as high as 1 800 kg/hm^2 in average.