宁夏罗山国家级自然保护区鸟类区系特征及群落结构

Avifauna and Community Structure in Luoshan National Nature Reserve,Ningxia

自2010年10月至2011年12月对宁夏罗山国家级保护区鸟类区系及群落结构进行了调查研究,共记录到鸟类15目46科98属164种,占宁夏已知鸟类总种数的48.81%。其中留鸟51种(31.10%),夏候鸟68种(41.64%),旅鸟38种(23.17%),冬候鸟7种(4.27%)。繁殖鸟119种,其中以古北界鸟类占优势,有88种,占繁殖鸟总数的73.95%;东洋界种15种,占12.61%;广布种鸟类16种,占13.45%。研究发现不同季节、不同生境中的鸟类群落特征差异较大。林地鸟类物种数和多样性指数最高,水域鸟类具有最高的G-F指数。相似性分析显示,山地荒漠草地和废弃村庄的鸟类群落,林地和浅山灌丛鸟类群落,分别具有一定的相似性。春季鸟类群落物种数、G-F指数、多样性指数和均匀度指数最高。

The avifauna and community structure in Luoshan National Nature Reserve, Ningxia, were investigated from October in 2010 to December in 2011. A total of 164 bird species belonging to 98 genera,46 families and 15 orders were recorded, which contributed about 48.81% of the Ningxia birds as far known. Among of them ,51 birds are residents,68 are summer visitors ,38 are passing migrants and 7 are winter visitors. Among 119 kinds of breeding birds （summer visitors and residents） , 88 are Palaearctic birds, which accounts for 73.95% of all breeders. They are composed of 48 species North type （31 species the Palaearctic elements and 17 species Holarctic type）, 12 species Northeast type, 2 species Northeast-North China type, 1 species North-China type, 13 species Central-Asian type,9 species Mediterranean-Central Asian type and 3 species Highland type. 15 species （12.61%） are Oriental birds and 16 species （13.45%） are widespread ones. Obviously, the elements of Palaearctic realm are dominant in this avifauna. The analysis on bird diversity showed that bird diversities were different among five main habitats and in different season. The highest bird species number and diversity index was in woodland, and G-F index in water area was the highest. The avian species, G-F index, Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou index were the highest in spring. Some conservation suggestions are put forward for birds and their survival environment.