“完整故宫”保护的理念与实践

On The Idea and Practice of ‘The Imperial Palace Integrity’ Conservation

本文以时空为脉络,详细梳理了近90年来故宫博物院在"完整故宫"保护方面的探索和实践,并对此做出客观的总结性评价。故宫博物院成立初期就提出"完整故宫保管"计划,并确定了故宫博物院的管辖范围。后来"完整故宫"意识曾一度被淡化,改革开放后重新受到重视并作为一种理念在逐步提升。世界遗产保护视域中的"完整故宫",特别强调"故宫真实性和完整性的结合"。在故宫学的研究视域里,"故宫文化价值的整体性"则备受关注。"完整故宫"成为指导和推动故宫保护和博物院建设的一种方法论和思维方式。综合而言,不同时期"完整故宫"保护的理念和实践经历了一个演变的过程,也呈现了诸理念和实践之间相互启发、补充甚至有所交融的关系。

This paper, from the sequences of time and space, conducts an overview of the exploration and practice in preserving and conserving The Imperial Palace as a whole over the past nine decades or so, making a relatively objective comment on them thereby. The strategy of ‘The Imperial Palace integrity preservation and administration’ was initiated by the Palace Museum from its beginning and then determined the scope under its administration. With the era of refrom and opening-up coming around there has been an increasing awareness of the ‘ integrity of The Imperial Palace ’ in spite of its ever being weakened for a time. ‘The integrity of the Imperial Palace’ as stated in the visual scope of the world heritage preservation and conservation specifically refers to its authenticity and integrity. The cultural value of the imperial palace as a whole is the focus in the field of Gugong studies. Well then, the idea of ‘The Integrity of the Imperial Palace’ is embodied in the methodology and mode of thinking to guide and advance the conservation of this world heritage site and the construction of The Palace Museum. In a word, with the times passing by, the conservation idea and practice have been changing but they are integrated with the mutual inspiration, supplement and a part of blend among them.