经济林多点源根际滴灌装置的集成应用研究

Application of Integrated Multi-source Root-zone Drip Irrigation Technology in Economic Forestry

经济林主根系垂直生长深,侧根水平阔展面积大,单点元地面滴灌水量很少能够入渗到根系的主要分布层,传统渗灌滴头易堵塞。为了解决滴灌水直接输送根际技术问题,开发研制了一种可将滴头单独埋于地下滴灌的多点源根际滴灌装置,文中对抗堵塞、易维修、多变量技术原理,传统滴头的连接方法改进,多点源根际滴灌技术组合集成,田间实施技术和不同灌溉效益等进行了论述。经山地红枣不同灌溉试验证明,滴灌和单点元、多点源根际滴灌产量比不灌溉分别增产10 375、12 445和12 530kg/hm2;滴灌WUE提高50%,单点元和多点源根际滴灌分别提高57.1%、58.8%,净收入与地表滴灌比分别增加10 958和13 550.0元/hm2。滴灌、根际滴灌使用折旧期分别为8a、12a。

The economic forestry root grows deeply vertically and also distributes widely horizontally. However, the irrigation water of surface point-source drip irrigation could not infiltrate into the layer that the most effective roots distribute in. Also, the issue of emitter clogging impedes the traditional subsurface drip irrigation development. To transport the irrigation water to the root-zone precisely, the subsurface drip irrigation equipment is developed and its benefits are analyzed, including the characteristics of anti- clogging, easy maintenance and the theory of multi-variable technologies. The improvements in technologies and benefit of the sur face drip irrigation are compared with the subsurface single source drip irrigation. It is confirmed by different irrigation experiments that the three kinds of irrigation methods, including drip irrigation, single source and multi-source root-zone drip irrigation, could enhance the yield by 10 375, 12 445 and 12 530 kg/hm^2 more than that without irrigation. In addition, the water use efficiency （WUE） of drip irrigation, single or multiple source subsurface irrigation is enhanced by 50%, 57. 1% and 58. 8%, respectively. And the net income of single or multiple source subsurface irrigation is enhanced by 10 958 and 13 550 Yuan/hm^2 than that of surface irrigation. Finally, the depreciation periods of surface and subsurface drip irrigation are 8 and 12 years, respectively.