我国科技资源研发效率监测及其影响因素分析

Analysis on the R&D of China Efficiency Monitoring and Its Influencing Factors

本文运用DEA模型测算了全国和各地区科技研发效率的Malmquist指数及其分解指标。DEA模型测算结果显示:1999-2003年,我国科技研发投入全要素生产率(TFP)的增长幅度为5.07%,且TFP增长主要根源于技术效率的改进和扩散,而整个科学技术研究领域的原始创新能力仍然不足,对研发效率提升的作用不明显;2003-2007年,我国研发投入的TFP增幅为29.4%,TFP增长受到技术进步和技术效率改进的双重影响,但原始创新能力提升对研发效率改善的效果更明显。从各地情况看,1999-2003年,北京、黑龙江、青海和新疆等15个省(市、区)研发效率呈正向增长态势,上海和浙江保持不变,河北、山西和云南等13个省(市、区)的研发效率呈衰退状态;2003-2007年,四川、陕西、江苏和江西等20个省(市、区)的研发效率呈正向增长态势;上海、浙江和海南等3个省(市)的研发效率保持不变;新疆、重庆和内蒙古等7个省(市、区)研发效率呈下降趋势。论文提出,今后应更加注重优化国有研发资源的投入结构,强化基础研究领域的资源配置,加快国家科技计划管理体制改革等对策建议。

This paper estimates Malmquist index and its decomposition index of R＆D efficiency of the whole country and every region with DEA model. The results of DEA model calculation show that： in 1999-2003, TFP growth rate of China＇s R＆D investment was 5. 07%, and TFP growth was mainly rooted in technical efficiency improvement and diffusion, but the whole field of science and technology of the original innovation capacity was still insufficient, and the role of improving R＆D efficiency was not obvious. While, 2003-2007, TFP growth rate of China＇s R＆D investment was 29.4%, TFP growth was affected by both technical progress and technical efficiency, but the improvement of the original innovation capacity in building R＆D efficiency was more effective. Viewed from all the country, 1999-2003 saw a positive growth of R＆D efficiency in such fifteen regions as Beijing, Heilongjiang, Qinghai and Xinjiang, a flat movement in Shanghai and Zhejiang, and a decrease in other 13 regions such as Hebei, Shanxi and Yunnan. And then, 2003-2007 saw a positive growth of the R＆D efficiency in 20 regions such as Sichnan, Shanxi, Jiangsu and Jiangxi, a flat movement in Shanghai, Zhejiang and Hainan, and a decrease in other 7 regions such as Xinjiang, Chongqing and Inner Mongolia. In view of this, the paper proposes that in the future the government should pay more attention to optimizing the investment structure of state-owned R＆D resources, strengthen basic research resources, speed up the reform of management system of national science and technology program.