青少年犯罪的发展轨迹和狱内改造的保护因素

On the Developments of Juvenile Delinquency and the Protective Factors on Juvenile Rehabilitation in Prison

运用质性研究方法,探讨了青少年犯罪的发展轨迹,并考察了促进青少年犯狱内改造的保护因素。结果表明:在青少年犯的成长背景中,存在八条致其犯罪的发展轨迹,过度追求兴趣爱好、沉迷网络、崇尚哥们"义气"、家庭破裂、父母冲突、教养方式不一致、养父母家庭、与学校联系减弱是青少年犯罪的危险信号,旷课、逃学,与不良同伴交往在青少年走上犯罪道路的过程中具有重要作用;在行为水平上,从轻度不良行为——严重不良行为——犯罪是一条典型的发展轨迹;提高青少年犯改造的动力、帮助青少年犯进行改变、促进青少年犯未来的发展规划,以及对青少年犯进行心理辅导有助于青少年犯的狱内适应,是青少年犯在狱内积极改造的保护因素。

This article, by means of qualitative study, aims to explore the developmental trajectories of juvenile delinquency and the protective factors involving juvenile rehabilitation in prison. The results show the following： as the juveniles grow up, there are eight factors leading to their delinquency： the excessive pursuit of hob- bies, an addiction to the Intemet, the advocacy of buddy ＂loyalty＂, the family breakdown, parental conflicts, inconsistent parenting, living with adoptive parents, and the decreased contact with the school, all of which serve as risky signals for juvenile delinquency; absenteeism, truancy, and contact with bad companions play an important role in juvenile delinquency. A crime arises out of mild bad behavior, followed by serious bad behavior. Also, the article probes into the protective factors involving juvenile rehabilitation in prison, including the motivation for rehabilitation, the changes and help needed, the life development plan, and psychological counseling, as is helpful to juvenile delinquents＇ rehabilitation in prison.