蒸散发测定方法研究进展

Advancements of the Metrics of Evapotranspiration

蒸散发过程是水文循环的重要环节,也是全球能量交换的重要组成部分,决定了土壤-植被-大气系统中水、热传输过程,对其进行定量估算是评价陆地生态系统生产力、水源涵养能力、区域耗水及土壤水分运移的基础,是全球气候变化研究的重要内容。本文根据蒸散发测定思路和方法的不同,将蒸散发测定按照实测法和模型法两类方法进行总结,系统回顾了实测法和模型法的不同算法,评述不同方法的原理和优劣,并总结和分析了目前蒸散发测定工作中应重点研究的内容,指出未来蒸散发估算的发展方向,以期为相关研究的开展提供参考。

Evapotranspiration （ET） is very important for water cycle, and is determinant for the estimation of water and heat transfer in the Soil-Plant-Atmosphere Continuum （SPAC）. Quantitative estimation of ET is the base of appraising terrestrial NPP, water conservation valuation, regional water consumption, soil water transport and crop production. It is important for studies on global climate change. More and more ET models and associated measurements are being reported in the literature and used to develop, calibrate and test important ET process models. The ET data can be derived from a range of measurement systems including lysimeters, eddy covariance, Bowen ratio and sap flow. In addition, the satellite-based remote sensing and direct models （e.g. radiation-based models and combination models） can also been important methods to evaluate the ET. This paper distinguished the methods of ET evaluation into ET measuring and ET modeling, with outline of different types of ET models and ET measurements involving principles, merits and disadvantages. Key issues and development direction in ET were evaluated to provide a guide to evaluate accurately ET for other researches.