微小RNAs在眼组织的表达及其与眼科疾病的关系

Research progresses in the distribution of ocular tissue of microRNAs and its relationship with oculopathy

微小核糖核酸（miRNAs）是内源性小分子非编码调控RNAs，通过抑制转录或降解mRNA调控基因的表达。研究发现miRNAs涉及组织分化和生长等许多重要的生物进程，显示出组织特异性和生长阶段特异性，也参与新生血管形成及很多病理进程，如肿瘤血管新生、氧化应激、免疫反应和炎症。目前，视网膜、晶状体和角膜的miRNAs转录组已经建立，并可能在未来作为眼科疾病治疗的手段之一。就miRNAs在眼组织中的分布及其在眼病中的异常表达进行综述。

MicroRNAs（miRNAs） are a newly discovered class of small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression by translational repression or mRNA degradation. It has become evident that miRNAs are involved in many important biological processes, including tissue differentiation and development, showing a tissue specificity and development-stage specificity. In the other hand, miRNAs play critical roles in neovascularization and a variety of pathophysiological processes, such as pathological angiogenesis, oxidative stress response, immune response and inflammation. Currently,miRNAs of the retina, lens and cornea have been established, and they would be potential therapeutic targets in the eye diseases. Here, the distribution of miRNAs in the eye and their role in ocular diseases were summarized.