十字坡黑店与《水浒传》等小说戏曲中的江湖文化

The Black Tavern at Cross Slope and the Swordsman Culture in Novels and Operas of Water Margin

《水浒传》写武松十字坡黑店脱身,是英雄迎击江湖险恶的叙事。武松幸免暗算的智慧来自江湖知识、行走江湖的警觉,必要的身体条件,也有店主妇的轻敌大意。武松与孙二娘由"对立"到"和谐"的角色关系转变,有赖于彼此认同的江湖伦理原则,转换动因是好汉们惺惺相惜的江湖情谊。明代传奇的孙二娘形象延续了小说描绘。扬州评话孙二娘形象突出了江湖气、自尊心、好胜心,更适合江湖生存。酒店招牌等环境刻画突出了民俗风情。

In Water Margin, the story of Wu Song, who escapes from the black tavern at Cross Slope, is a narration about a hero fights against viciousness in Jianghu （the Chinese martial underworld）. His wisdom to protect himself from backstabbers should be attributed to his rich experience about Jianghu, his vigilance while traveling in Jianghu, his good physical conditions, and Sun Erniang＇ s underestimation of him. The change of the relation between Wu Song and Sun Erniang from ＂contradiction＂ to ＂concordance＂ depends on Jianghu ethical principles they both recognized; the reason for the change is that Liangshan heroes are loyal to their brotherhood. The characters of Sun Erniang in Ming legends carry on descriptions in novels, while in Yangzhou Storytelling, her loyalty to friends, her pride and ambition are highlighted, making her more suitable to survival in Jianghu. The description of the tavern such as the tavern sign displays the folk customs.