间充质干细胞在结核分枝杆菌感染免疫反应中的作用研究进展

Advances in the effects of mesenchymal stem cells on immune response during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection

结核病(TB)每年导致200多万人死亡,在全球单一传染病死亡率中位居第二。尽管宿主产生了强大的免疫反应,但结核分枝杆菌(MTB)还是成功地逃避了宿主的免疫,并建立了一个持续性感染的状态。MTB以何种机制逃避有力的宿主免疫反应仍不完全清楚。有研究证实间充质干细胞(MSCs)参与了宿主抗MTB的免疫反应。MTB通过招募MSCs到达感染部位来抑制T细胞的免疫反应。MSCs渗入感染MTB的小鼠组织和T淋巴细胞中,参与肉芽肿的形成,诱导Tregs的分化和发育及建立T细胞耐受。MSCs可通过产生一氧化氮(NO)来抑制T细胞的免疫反应,及影响TGF-β受体Ⅱ的功能来增加TB的易感性。MSCs在MTB逃避宿主的免疫反应中起着重要的作用,有望成为TB治疗的独特靶点。

Tuberculosis（TB） is the cause of 2 million deaths each year and is the second largest cause of mortality from a single infectious disease worldwide.Despite production of a robust host immune response,Mycobacterium tuberculosis（MTB）successfully evades host immunity and establishes a persistent infection.The mechanism by which MTB evades the host’s robust immune response is still not fully understood.Studies have confirmed that mesenchymal stem cells（MSCs） are involved in a host’s immune response to MTB.MTB suppresses T-lymphocyte responses by recruiting MSCs to the site of infection.MSCs infiltrate tissues in mice and T-lymphocytes are involved in granuloma formation,induction of Tregs differentiation,and development and establishment of T cell tolerance.MSCs suppress T-cell responses by producing nitric oxide and increasing the susceptibility to tuberculosis by affecting TGF-β receptor Ⅱ function.MSCs play an important role in MTB’s evasion of the host’s immune response and should become a unique target for treatment of TB.