冯从吾与明代关中理学

Feng Cong-wu and GuanZhong's Neo-confucianism in Ming Dynasty

冯从吾是继吕柟之后明代关中理学发展的第二个高峰。他在关中书院的讲学不仅重新振兴了自弘、嘉以来关中地区的讲学之风,而且由于其讲学以心学为主,注重对良知心体的体认,从而使整个明代关学呈现出一个由程朱理学到阳明心学的发展转变过程。但冯从吾既处于晚明王学修正运动思潮中,而他本人亦对当时流行的"无善无恶"说和王学末流脱略工夫的做法极为不满,故又主张以宋儒之工夫来致良知。冯从吾这种会通朱、王,强调本体、工夫合一的方法奠定了清初关学发展的基本趋势。

Feng Cong-wu was in the second peak development of GuanXue in the Ming dynasty. The Jiang-xue activities of Feng Cong-wu in Guanzhong Shuyuan revitalized the lecturing movement since the period of Hongzhi to JiaJing in guanzhong area, and also made Yang-ming School take the place of Chengzhu doctrine and become the main stream of GuanXue because he stressed the innate knowledge. However, Feng Cong-wu criticized the thinking of＂no goodness and no evil＂ and ignored the moral practice, so he held Chengzhu doctrine in order to correct the mistakes of Yang-ming School by insisting on the one of noumenon and Gongfu, Ti and function. The thought became the basic trend of Neo-confucianism in Guanzhong area in early Qing dynasty.