汉代士人心态与身份的复杂性及其对文学观念之影响

The Complexity of the Identity and Attitude of the Han Dynasty Literati Officials and the Effects on Their Literature Concept

汉代的政治格局使得汉代士人(或士大夫)有着矛盾的文化心态与复杂的身份,他们在与君权为核心的政治权力的紧张关系中从事着精神文化活动,他们的身份也因此出现多维度的情形。"文人"是汉代士人多重身份中的一种,这种身份的形成体现着士人阶层对精神生活之独立性的吁求。"文人"身份的形成对汉代文学观念的发展变化产生了重要影响。

The political situation in the Han dynasty decides that, the Han dynasty scholar officials （or literati officials） generally has a contradictory attitude and complex cultural identities. They have to deal with a kind of intense political relation centered with monarchical power, when engaging in spiritual culture activities. Their identity therefore becomes multidimensional. ＂Literati＂ is the one of their multiple identities. It embodies their appeal for an independent spiritual life. ＂Literati＂ identity has important influence on the development of the Han dynasty＇s literature concept.