新疆杏品种开花生物学特性研究

Studies on Flowering Biological Charicteristics of Xinjiang Apricot Varieties

对51个新疆杏品种开花物候期、花粉量、花粉活力、花部器官发育特征及柱头可授性进行了调查研究。结果表明,新疆杏品种花期相对集中,大多持续6～9d,品种间均有3～4d重叠相遇;品种间花粉量与花粉活力差异较大,花粉量在13.2～4 846.9粒/花药,平均为1 449.1粒/花药,花粉萌发率在12.3%～80.1%,平均为52.4%;51个品种均有一定比例的短花柱花或雌蕊退化花,中长花柱花比率平均为59.5%,其中17个品种的中长花柱花比率不足50%,败育率较高;花前3d至开花后6d几乎所有品种都存在柱头可授性,各品种可授性强度虽然不同,但均呈现由弱变强,再由强变弱的趋势,且到达其最强可授性的时间多为花前1d或开花当天,多数品种较强的柱头可授性持续4～7d。

The blooming phenophase,pollen amount, pollen viability,development characteristics of floral organs and stigma receptivity of Xinjiang 51 apricot varieties were studied. The result showed that the flo- rescence of these varieties were concentrated correspondingly, which sustained about 6-9 days, and over- lapped and met each other for 3-4 days; there was a distinct difference in pollen amount and pollen viabil- ity of these varieties, and the pollen amount changed from 13.2 to 4846.9 per anther, the average was 1449.1, pollen germination rate changed from 12.3% to 80.1% ,the average was 52.4% ;all these 51 culti- vars had a certain proportion of short-style flower or pistil degraded flower,average ratio of middle-style and long-style flower was 59.5%, but the ratio of 17 varieties among these cultivars were less than 50o/00, so the abortive percentage was higher; from 3 days before blooming to 6 days after blooming, there was stigma receptivity in almost every varieties, although the receptivity intensity of every varieties was differ- ent,all showed the trend from weak to strong at first, and then from strong to weak, and the reach time most was at the 1 day before blooming or the bloom day, most varieties could keep higher receptivity for 4 -- 7 days.