基于将大西洋蓝鳍金枪鱼列入CITES附录Ⅰ提案的国际渔业管理分析

Analysis of the international fisheries management based on the proposal of including Atlantic bluefin tuna into Appendix Ⅰ of CITES Convention

受国际市场对大西洋蓝鳍金枪鱼产品需求的驱动,非法、不报告、不管制捕捞和捕捞能力过剩等现象频频发生,造成该鱼类资源的数量持续下降。瑞典、摩纳哥先后向濒危野生动植物种国际贸易委员会提议将大西洋蓝鳍金枪鱼列入《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》附录,禁止捕捞和国际贸易该鱼种,引起了广泛关注和激烈争论。为此,通过分析ICCAT对大西洋蓝鳍金枪鱼的管理、相关国家或地区组织的不同意见,研究该提案可能对国际渔业管理及我国带来的影响。一旦该鱼种列入CITES附录,可能导致更多商业开发的水生生物被提到CITES框架上来,从而影响世界渔业的管理格局。对此,中国应采取行动,积极参加国际组织会议,参与规则制定,反映中国关注问题与主张。而作为联合国海洋法公约和ICCAT的一员,我国也有义务与其他国家合作执行ICCAT的养护和管理措施,为提高履约能力,规范国内远洋企业的管理,如按照相关要求及时、准确报送数据等,从而配合国家履行国际义务。

Driven by the demand from international market for Atlantic bluefin tuna（Thunnus thynnus） and their products,overcapacity and illegal,unregulated and unreported（IUU） fishing frequently took place,which resulted in continuous decline of the fish resources.Although relevant Regional Fishery Management Organizations（RFMOs）,the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas（ICCAT） in this case,have adopted some conservation and management measures for this fish stock,the outcome is unsatisfied.To find an alternative solution,Monaco in 2009 proposed to include Atlantic bluefin tuna into Appendix Ⅰ of Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora（CITES）,banning capture and trade.In 2010,this proposal was discussed heatedly in the fifteenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties,which had attracted wide concerns and provoked great controversy.Against this backdrop,this paper firstly analyzes the relevant ICCAT management measures on Atlantic bluefin tuna and the different opinions from relevant states or regional organizations over Monaco’s proposal.Secondly,the ramifications that this proposal might have for international fisheries management and for China’s distant water fishing industry are studied.Had the Atlantic bluefin tuna been included in the Appendix Ⅰ of CITES,a precedence would have been set for other commercially exploited aquatic resources.As a result,there will be more such proposals which would come up in the context of CITES.Then,the role of RFMOs in conservation and management of the world fisheries resources might have changed.Whatever would happen in the future,China,as a new high seas fishing State,should take an active role in both fora,namely CITES and RFMOs,involving herself into discussion over interpretation and formulation of some provisions on ＂introduction for the sea＂,and promoting ICCAT to take more restrictive measures or persuade primary fishing states to reduce fishing quotas.On the other hand,being a party to United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea（UNCLOS） and ICCAT,China is also under obligation to cooperate with other countries in implementing conservation and management measures adopted by ICCAT and renew her domestic laws and regulations to control her nationals.This paper finally puts forward several suggestions in this aspect,such as renewing regulations with respect to the Vessels Monitoring Systems（VMS）,scientific observers aboard,fishing log,etc.in order to make sure these measures complied with by fishing vessels completely and improving capacity-building for management personnel at the central and provincial levels.