价值链分工与发展中国家就业利益及风险分析

Analysis on the Work Division in Value Chains and Employment Benefits and Risks in Developing Countries

目前鲜有对"价值链分工对发展中国家的就业影响"进行系统性研究,尤其关于就业风险方面。此种研究对发展中国家充分利用价值链分工,获取最大就业利益具有重要理论和实践意义。文章利用历史经验分析,提出价值链分工给发展中参与国带来就业数量的增加、就业结构的改善和就业质量的提升等就业利益;但同时,价值链分工也可能带来就业的挤出、对本土竞争企业的人力资本争夺、低成本就业难以持续及就业的外部冲击等风险。

Few scholars have a systematic research on the impact on employment of work division in value chains in the developing countries,especially about employment risks.It has important theoretical and practical significance for the developing countries to obtain maximum employment benefits from the work division.Using historical experience,this paper proposes that the developing countries which are participating in the work division of value chain have got some benefits in employment,such as the more employment and better employment structure and higher-quality employees.However,they also possibly are faced with some risks which can make employment be crowded out,and can make their native enterprises to difficultly absorb better and more employees,and can make their major processing trade regions find less and less low-cost labors,and can make their employment easily be impacted by international surroundings.