不同干预方法减轻婴幼儿预防接种注射疼痛的效果

Effects of Different Interventions in Relieving Injection Pain by Vaccination in Infants

目的探讨不同干预方法减轻婴幼儿预防接种注射疼痛的效果。方法便利抽样法选择2011年1-4月在北京某社区保健院进行预防接种的6～12个月龄婴幼儿144例为研究对象,按随机数字表法将其分为4组,每组36例。对照组采用常规接种法,其他三组在常规接种方法上分别采用音乐干预、音乐联合舒适体位及舒适体位方法进行干预。采用改良婴儿疼痛程度评估表(pain intensity evaluation sheet,MBPS)、哭闹时间及心率变化等指标对婴幼儿疼痛进行评价。结果音乐干预组、舒适体位组以及音乐联合舒适体位组婴幼儿与对照组婴幼儿在MBPS指标上的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);音乐干预组、舒适体位组以及音乐联合舒适体位组婴幼儿在哭闹持续时间、心率变化方面的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在婴幼儿预防接种时进行音乐干预、音乐联合舒适体位、舒适体位干预可不同程度地降低婴儿预防注射时的疼痛感,从而减轻注射疼痛对婴儿的不良影响。三种干预方法中,音乐干预配合舒适体位减轻6～12个月婴幼儿预防接种疼痛效果最佳。

Objective To compare the effects of different interventions in relieving injection site pain caused by vaccination. Methods By convenience sampling, 144 infants aged 6-12 months with vaccination in one community health center of Beijing were selected between January 2011 and April 2011. All the infants were randomly divided into four groups with 36 infants in each group. The infants in the control group were routinely vaccinated. The rest three experimental groups adopted interventions against injection pain using music intervention, comfortable position and music intervention with comfortable position. The improved baby pain intensity evaluation sheet （MBPS） and scales of heart rate（HR） change and crying time were used to evaluate the indexes of pain in the infants. Results The three experimental group showed significant differences in MBPS indexes compared with that in the control group （P〈0.05）. There were significant differences on crying time and HR change among the three experimental groups （P〈 0.05）. Conclusion Music intervention,music intervention with comfortable position and comfortable position alone can not only relieve the pain reaction caused by vaccination in infants, but also alleviate the adverse effect. After all, music intervention with comfortable position is the most effective intervention method in vaccination for 6-12 months infants.