甘肃省西和县地震灾区农村小学生贫血状况分析

Analysis of Anemia Status of School Children in Rural Area of Xihe County after the Earthquake in Gansu Province

目的了解"5.12"大地震后重灾区农村小学生贫血状况。方法采用分层整群随机抽样法,选取西和县农村930名7～15岁小学生为研究对象,依据《儿童少年血红蛋白筛检国标》进行评价。采用氰化高铁法测定血红蛋白含量,并计算贫血率。结果灾区西和县农村小学生贫血率为15.3%,各年龄段小学生贫血率差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.614,P=0.271)。男女生贫血患病率分别为18.5%和11.9%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.808,P=0.010),其中13～15岁年龄组男女生贫血率分别为21.8%和12.1%(χ2=6.992,P=0.010)。学生贫血均为轻度贫血,男女生中均未发现中度、重度和极重度贫血。结论该地区农村小学生贫血状况普遍存在,且13～15岁年龄段男生贫血率较高,这可能与地震灾后当地社会经济状况、人群营养膳食状况和疾病发生情况的变化以及个人饮食卫生习惯和是否吃早餐有关,具体影响因素还有待于进一步深入研究。

OBJECTIVE To know the anemia status of schoolchildren in rural area of Xihe County after the＂5.12＂earthquake.METHODS Selected 930 school children aged from 7 to 15 as the research object by cluster random sampling method.To measure the content of hemoglobin by cyanmethemoglobin and calculate the rate of anemia.The diagnostic criterion is according to the children and adolescents hemoglobin screening GB.RESULTS The rate of anemia of schoolchildren in rural area of Xihe County after earthquake is 15.3%,the difference between age group have no statistical significance（χ2=2.614,P=0.271）.Rate of anemia of boys and girls respectively is 18.5% and 11.9%,the difference have statistical significance（χ2=7.808,P=0.010）,which were caused by the difference between boys and girls in 13～15 age group,the rate of anemia of boys and girls in 13～15 age group respectively is 21.8% and 12.1%（χ2=6.992,P=0.010）.The anemia status of schoolchildren are all on mild level.CONCLUSION In this area anemia is common in every age group schoolchildren,and the boy’s rate of anemia is higher than girl’s in 13～15 age group,this may be related to local economic position,people’s nutrition status,the change of disease occurring after the earthquake,personal habit of dietetic hygiene and whether having breakfast,so we have to do more intensive study to find out the specific influencing factors.