河南省土地利用／覆盖景观格局变化分析

Analysis on Changes of Land Use/Cover and Landscape Pattern in He′nan Province

以河南省1980年代和2005年土地利用/覆盖分类图为数据源,通过类型面积差异检测统计和景观格局指数计算,对1980s—2005年6种主要土地利用/覆盖类型的演变情况和景观格局变化进行了现状和动态分析。结果表明:(1)两个时期河南省耕地面积比重始终最大,未利用土地面积始终最小。从1980s—2005年,耕地面积总体减少的最多,建设用地面积总体增加的最多,引起土地利用/覆盖变化的主要人为驱动因素是人口增长、经济发展、城镇化推进和行政因素。(2)1980s—2005年,景观水平指数斑块个数、斑块密度、平均斑块形状指数、平均斑块分维数、Shannon多样性指数和Shannon均匀度指数呈增大趋势,而最大斑块指数、聚集度指数、蔓延度指数和优势度指数处于降低趋势。最后,针对土地利用过程中存在的问题,提出了今后土地资源可持续利用上的建议。

Based on the classified map of land use and cover in He＇nan Province in 1980s and 2005 as data sources, and computing type area differences and landscape pattern index, present situation and dynamic change about six land use and cover types and landscape pattern from1980s to 2005 were analyzed. It was concluded that： （1） in 1980s and 2005, area of cultivated land was always the largest and the unused land ar- ea was always the least; from 1980s to 2005, cultivated area generally reduced the most, while construction land area generally increased the most, it was considered that the main human driving factors were population growth, economic development, urbanization push and administrative factor; （2） from 1980s to 2005, land- scape level index, number of patch, patch density, mean shape index, mean patch fractal dimension, Shan- nonrs diversity index and Shannonrs evenness index were increasing, but the largest patch index, aggregation index, contagion index and dominance index were decreasing. Finally, suggestions were proposed for the sustainable use of land resources in future in Hernan Province in terms of some questions in the process of land use.