元阳梯田全福庄流域水源涵养林的植物多样性分析

Analysis on Plant Diversity of Water-holding Forest in Quanfu Village Basin of Yuanyang Terrace

元阳梯田已有1 200多年的历史,水源涵养林的存在对于梯田的延续具有重要的价值。为得到元阳梯田水源涵养林的植物多样性分布特征,对元阳梯田全福庄流域4种主要植被类型水源涵养林下的植物物种数量特征、物种丰富度、多样性、均匀度等多样性规律进行了标准样地调查。结果表明,研究区共有植物155种,隶属66科,其中,山茶科、禾本科、蓼科植物占有绝对优势,不同植被类型森林群落的优势种不同;物种丰富度大小为:次生常绿阔叶林>杂木林>次生落叶阔叶林>人工水冬瓜林;物种多样性特征表现为,乔木层:次生常绿阔叶林>次生落叶阔叶林>杂木林>人工水冬瓜林;灌木层:次生常绿阔叶林>杂木林>次生落叶阔叶林,人工水冬瓜林无灌木层分布;草本层:次生落叶阔叶林>人工水冬瓜林>次生常绿阔叶林>杂木林。植被分布的物种丰富度和均匀度对物种多样性存在交叉影响。

Yuanyang terrace with over 1 200 years of history, the existence of water-holding forest has an important value for development of Yuanyang terrace. In order to investigate the distribution of plant diversity in water-holding forest of Yuanyang terrace this study adopted the method of standard statistical and on-site investigation. The study on the quantitative features, the species richness, diversity and evenness, etc. char- acteristics in 4 types of vegetation regions in Quanfu middle village basin were carried out. The results showed that there were 155 species of plants in this area, belonging to 66 families, and Theaceae, Poaceae and Polygonaceae were 3 dominant families. The different vegetation regions had different dominant species. The species richness index followed the order of secondary evergreen broad-leaved forest〉weed tree forest〉 secondary deciduous broad-leaved forest〉artificial Alder forest. Within tree layer, the diversity indices fol- lowed the order of secondary evergreen broad-leaved forest〉secondary deciduous broad-leaved forest〉weed tree forest〉artificial Aider forest. Within shrub layer the diversity indices followed the order of secondary evergreen broad-leaved forest 〉 weed tree forest;secondary deciduous broad-leaved forest, there was no shrub layer in artificial Alder forest. Within herb layer, the diversity indices followed the order of secondary deciduous broad-leaved forest〉artificial Alder forest^secondary evergreen broad-leaved forest〉weed tree forest. The species richness and evenness of vegetation distribution had across-impact on species diversity.