延河流域土壤侵蚀经济损失评估

Estimation on Economic Loss of Soil Erosion in Yanhe River Basin

利用环境经济学原理方法,借助ArcGIS 9.3和统计分析工具,对延河流域土壤侵蚀主要经济损失进行定量评价,旨在为当地生态补偿和绿色GDP核算提供依据。结果表明:延河流域年土壤侵蚀经济损失总量达到38.52亿元,其中养分流失经济损失最多,占到总损失的94.73%,说明土壤侵蚀最直接、最严重的危害是导致土地生产力下降。延河流域的土壤侵蚀模数和单位面积土壤侵蚀经济损失大体均呈现从上游向下游递减的趋势。土地利用情况对土壤侵蚀经济损失的影响十分明显,主要表现为生态系统服务功能越完善,植被覆盖情况越好,土壤侵蚀经济损失越小。延河流域土壤侵蚀经济损失总量占到其GDP总量的17.49%,明显高于全国及陕西省平均水平,说明土壤侵蚀损失对该区域经济可持续发展的影响巨大。

Based on the principles and methods of environmental economics, the economic losses of soil erosion in the Yanhe River basin were estimated with ArcGIS 9.3. The results provided a basis for the green GDP accounting and ecological compensation policy for soil erosion. The total economic loss of soil erosion in the Yanhe River basin was 3. 852 billion Yuan per year. And the economic loss of nutrient losses was the biggest part of the total economic loss, which accounted for 94.73~ of the total. So the most direct and the most se- rious harm of soil erosion was the land productivity decline. The intensity of economic losses of soil erosion per unit area and soil erosion modules showed a decreasing trend from the upper reaches to the lower reaches of the Yanhe River. The land use influenced the economic loss of soil erosion obviously. The better the eco- system service function and the vegetation coverage were, the smaller the economic loss of soil erosion was. The ratio of economic losses of soil erosion to GDP was 17.49~ in the Yanhe River basin, which was much higher than that in China and Shaanxi Province, therefore, soil erosion is the big challenge for local sustain- able development of the Yanhe River basin.