“身份推定”模式建构初探——以无船承运人与货运代理人的辨识为研究对象

Study on the construction of identity presumption mode——exploration on the identification of NVOCC and freight forwarder

无船承运人与货运代理人的身份辨识问题,一直是海事审判实践中的棘手问题。最高人民法院于2012年1月9日通过的《关于审理海上货运代理纠纷案件若干问题的规定》虽对如何认定货代企业的法律身份问题有所规定,但针对缺乏直接证据的情形,其倾向于在对收货单、发票等间接证据进行综合衡量的基础上,由法官进行主观认定。此种认定方法随意性较大,很可能会导致同类案件的处理结果迥然不同。为此,在综合运用相关学科知识的基础上提出了"身份推定"这一新模式,以期为解决上述认定难题提供一种思考径路。

Identifing NVOCC and freight forwarder is a difficult problem in maritime judicial practice. Provisions of the Supreme People＇s Court on Certain Issues Involved in Hearing of Ocean Freight Forwarding Dispute Cases became effective on May 1,2012. Although the above difficult problem is addressed in the provisions,in the case of the absence of direct evidence, the provisions demands subjective assertion by the judges based on comprehensive evaluation of indirect evidence. This method is full of randomness because different judges may render different judgments. In order to sovle the problem, this thesis puts forward a new mode named ＂identity presumption＂.