多民族国家的民族关系模式研究

Models of Ethnic Relations in a Multi-ethnic Country

在多民族国家里,民族关系的发展影响着国家的政治与社会稳定,决定着国家的命运和民族的前途。为了将民族关系理论推进到中层理论并进一步实证化,从民族意志和认同倾向两个维度的交互关系切入,民族关系可分为争论型、和谐型、争夺型与互惠型;民族关系的影响因素主要有语言使用、宗教与生活习俗、人口迁移、居住格局、社会同化、族群分层、族际通婚、族群意识等。而民族认同极端发展会导致民族分裂;国家认同促进民族融合,民族国家一体化。因此,对城市化与民族关系之间的机理也应作探讨。

In a multi -ethnic country, ethnic relations affect its political and social stability,and even determine the fate and future of a nation. To develop the theory of ethnic relations into a middle range theory based on case studies, the paper starts with the interaction of two dimensions, that is, the ethnic will and the ethnic identity, and classifies ethnic relations into such types as argument, harmony, competition and mutual benefit. Such factors as language use, religion, custom, migration, dwelling style, social assimilation, ethnic stratification,inter - ethnic marriages and ethnic consciousness will also affect ethnic relations. If any ethnic identity goes to extremes, it will result in ethnic separatism. National identity will promote ethnic integration and the integration of a nation - state. The paper al- so discusses the mechanism of urbanization and ethnic relations.