老龄化背景下少数民族老年人生活质量研究

Life Quality of the Aged of the Minority Groups

为了深入了解少数民族地区老年人这一特殊群体的生存状况,运用问卷调查并辅之深度访谈和参与观察的方法,对少数民族比较集中的14个地区的老年人进行调查。中国少数民族地区老年人受到年龄、地域两大重压,在物质和精神方面处于相对贫困状态。调查从经济收支、健康及医疗、住房及养老、精神文化生活四个层面进行。结果证明,这一群体存在收入缺乏有效保障、两极分化相对严重、养老体系难以覆盖、看病依旧艰难、潜在资本丧失、精神归属难以维系、休闲方式单一、精神赡养明显缺乏等问题。提出以整合社会资源,发展新养老模式;加快医疗卫生体系的改革;以舆论监督为准则,发挥道德的协调作用;重视精神赡养,丰富老年人生活,从而提升少数民族地区老年人的生活质量。

This research adopted questionnaire surveys plus interviews and participation observation and investigated the aged in more than ten minority regions. These old people were materially and spiritually poor due to their age and environment. This investigation covered four aspects： income, health and medical care, housing and pension as well as spiritual and cultural life, all of which were quite inadequate and required improvement in a down -to -earth way.