傣族村落中的传统权威组织——曼安村的“细梢老曼”与乡村秩序

Traditional Authoritative Organizations in Dai Villages:"Xishaolaoman" in Man'an Village and Village Order

"细梢老曼"指滇南南传佛教流行区域傣族村寨中处理村寨纠纷、传承伦理道德的民间组织,傣语直译为"村寨里的4根柱子",是傣族传统聚落空间观在社会组织结构上的转附。同时,也是这一非正式社会控制制度中传统权威执行者的称呼。担任细梢老曼的4个老人负责村寨的传统事务,同时也承担纠纷调解的角色,在传承和维护传统文化、促进傣族社区和谐、建立良好社会秩序方面发挥了重要作用。他们的权威不但来源于历史上农村公社时期就已形成的组织文化,还来源于现代村民大会的权力授予。随着社会经济的发展,细梢老曼的权威和所作用的领域也发生了变化,这种变化即是乡村政治社会的需要,也是现代乡村社会管理的创新所需。

＂ Xishaolaoman＂ refers to the folk organization that deals with village disputes and popularizes ethics in the Dai villages in south Yunnan. It is an authoritative organization for the non - government social control with four old men in charge, playing an impor- tant role in maintaining and inheriting the traditional Dai society and culture. Its authority is an inheritance of the past rural community and the granting of power by the modern village congress. The further development of the Dai society and economy has led to the chan- ges of ＂Xishaolaoman＂, which mirrors the needs and innovation of the rural politics and social management.