清代台湾拓垦中客家族群地域分布的变迁及成因

Discussion on the Change and Its Causes of the Hakkas' Regional Distribution during the Land Reclamation Period of Taiwan in the Qing Dynasty

日本学者伊能嘉矩的"泉州临海、漳州人近山、客家在丘陵、山区"之台湾族群分布说,一直为许多研究台湾的学者所沿用。在台湾的拓垦进程中,客家人最初也分布于台湾各地,对台湾的开发是作出重大贡献的。今天人们所观察到的福、客族群地域分布格局是福佬人与客家人在拓垦进程中长期演变形成的,是福、客械斗及客家人福佬化等诸多因素共同造成的,时间先后因素只能算是诸多原因之一。

This paper proposes that the Hakkas arrived in Taiwan no more later than Fulao did in the Ming and Qing Dynasties of a large-scale migration to Taiwan. In the process of exploration Taiwan, the Hakkas scattered in all parts of Taiwan at first, which made a important contribution to the development of Taiwan. Today, the regional distribution pattern of Hakka and Fulao we observed is formed by the many factors of long-term evolution such as joint exploration, fights with weapons and so on, therefore, time series factor is just one reason and not the only reason.