安徽省油茶良种的特性分析与区域配置

Characteristic analysis and region layout of elite varieties of Camellia oleifera in Anhui Province

自1999年以来,安徽各地先后开展油茶良种选育,并取得了可喜的成绩。至2011年12月,安徽共选育出油茶良种36个,其中选育于本地的良种31个,引种良种5个。果实特征:果实颜色有红色、青色、黄色;果实形状有球形、椭圆形、桃形、尖桃形、枣型、三棱柱形、吊钟形、鸡心形等;果实成熟期有寒露籽和霜降籽。经济性状:平均鲜出籽率、出仁率和果油率分别为47.71%(65.96%～36.02%)、60.55%(72.6%～43.2%)和8.015%(11.56%～5.6%);安徽省内油茶良种栽培区域按果实成熟期划分,寒露籽主要在皖东和皖西北,霜降籽主要在皖西南和长江以南。

Since 1999, selection and breeding elite varieties of Camellia oleifera was developed in Anhui Province, and achieved remarkable results. In this paper, kinds of varieties, fruit and economic characters of Camellia oleifera were summarized and analyzed, the results showed that： （ 1 ） So far to December 2011, 36 elite varieties of Camellia oleifera have been selected in Anhui Province, include 31 local elite varieties and 5 introduction elite varieties. （2） The fruit characteristics： there were red, cyan and yellow in the fruit color; and there were spherical, oval, peach shape, tip peach form, jujube type, tri-prism form, cloche form, chicken-heart shape, etc in fruit shape; there were Cold Dews seed and Hoar-frost falls seed based on fruit maturation stage. （3）The economic characters： the average fresh seed yield, solvent extraction of oil and kernel percent of fresh fruit were 47.71% （from 65.96% to 36. 02% ）, 8. 015% （from 11.56% to 5.6% ） and 60. 55% （from 72. 6% to 43.2% ） respectively. （4） Based on the type of fruit maturation, cultivation area of elite varie- ties of Camellia oleifera was divided into： Cold Dews seed could be planted from eastern Anhui to northwest of Anhui. Hoar-frost falls seed could be planted in southwest of Anhui and the south of the Yangtze River in Anhui Province.