围填海的海洋环境影响国内外研究进展

International advance of sea areas reclamation impact on marine environment

围填海是通过人工修筑堤坝、填埋土石方等工程措施将天然海域空间改变成陆地以拓展社会经济发展空间的人类活动,它是当前我国海岸开发利用的主要形式。大规模围填海在产生巨大的社会经济效益的同时,也给海洋生态环境造成了深远的影响,受到了国内外学者的广泛关注。文章在系统收集了国内外围填海的海洋环境影响研究报道成果的基础上,分别从:①围填海对滨海地形地貌、湿地景观的影响研究;②围填海对近岸海域水动力环境的影响研究;③围填海对滨海湿地退化与生态功能的影响研究;④围填海对近岸海洋生态系统结构与功能的影响;⑤围填海对海洋渔业资源衰退的影响等5个方面深入分析了围填海的海洋环境影响国内外研究进展及其存在的主要问题。并剖析了加强围填海的海洋环境监测与评估,实施围填海的海洋生态环境修复与生态补偿等国际围填海研究新趋势。针对围填海的海洋环境影响国内外研究现状和发展趋势,提出加强对集中连片围填海区域的长期累积效应研究、加强围填海对海洋生态环境结构功能影响过程及机理研究、加强多学科交叉在围填海海洋环境影响方面的综合研究等相关建议。

As a key form of coastal development, sea areas reclamation is human activities by ditch building and stone-earth filling to change natural sea field to expand land space for social and economic development. The sea areas reclamation has drove social and economic development, it also brought huge impact on marine environment at the same time and focused by scientist and scholar widely. This paper collected and reviewed the research work on the impact of sea areas reclamation on marine environment at home and abroad from follow fields （1）impact of sea areas reclamation on coastal topography, landform and wetland landscape.（2）impact of sea areas reclamation on marine hydrological environment and sand move process.（3）impact of sea areas reclamation on marine ecosystem;（4）impact of sea areas reclamation on coastal wetland;（5）impact of sea areas reclamation on marine fish resource. Then advance and problems in research of sea areas reclamation on above five fields were given out. And new trend in research of reclamation impact on marine environment was analyzed, such as monitoring and appraising of reclamation impact on marine environment, ecological restoration and ecological compensation of reclamation impact on marine environment. Future research directions are proposed. In the end, which include：（a） study on accumulative impact of reclamation on marine environment in large-scale in longer time;（b）study on process and mechanism of marine ecosystem impacted by sea areas impact;（c） multi-displines study on comprehensive impact of sea areas reclamation to marine environment.