精神鉴定的评价范围——基于鉴定人与司法人员职权划分的思考

The Scope of Psychiatric Appraisal——Based on the Function Division between Appraisers and Judicial Officers

精神鉴定的评价范围涉及鉴定人与司法官的职权划分问题。在我国,精神鉴定的评价范围不仅包括医学要件与心理学要件,也包括刑事责任能力的内容,精神鉴定人通常都直接对刑事责任能力作出评定,此做法既与理论上的观点不一致,也与刑事诉讼法的规定不相吻合。较为合理的做法是由精神鉴定人对刑事责任能力的医学要件进行评定,心理学要件的判断则采用以司法人员为主、鉴定人为辅的合作方式。

The scope of psychiatric appraisal involves the function division between appraisers and judicial officers. In China, the scope of psychiatric appraisal includes not only medical elements and psychological elements, but also the contents of criminal responsibility. In practice, psychiatric appraisers assess the criminal responsibility directly, which is inconsistent with the theories and not in line with the rules as specified in Criminal Procedure Law. The more rational way should be that psychiatric appraisers assess the medical elements of criminal responsibility, while judicial officers decide the psychological ele- ments based on the opinions of appraisers.