区域经济的发展与近代欧洲经济格局的演变

Regional Economic Development and Evolution of the Early Modern European Economic Pattern

区域经济的发展与区域内各地的经济结构、各地间的经济关系等问题相关。北海—波罗的海贸易区在近代早期的崛起主要由于英国和荷兰手工业的发达。同时,英荷两国的外贸与工业发展相辅相成,并没有脱离其而独立发展。意大利作为地中海贸易区的中心在很大程度上是由其发达的转运贸易造成。这种转运贸易没有与国内工业结成紧密的联系,是其经济结构不合理的突出表现。同时,意大利城市间存在恶性竞争,小城市的发展受到大城市的严格控制,城市两极分化严重,城市经济缺乏活力,加之主要工业陷入低谷,造成意大利经济在近代早期失去在欧洲的领先地位,也使地中海贸易区的经济实力开始下降。

The development of regional economy is closely related with such factors as the economic structure and the economic ties. The formation of the prosperous North Sea-the Baltic Sea Trade Region was mainly due to the rise of handicraft industries of Britain and Netherlands. In both countries, foreign trade and domestic in- dustry complemented each other rather than developed independently. Owning to its advanced transshipment trade, Italy became the hub of the Mediterranean Trade Region. However, the trade was loosely related with Italy＇s domestic industry, which clearly indicates an imbalance in its economic structure. At the same time, unhealthy completion existed among the Italian cities ： the development of small cities was drastically curbed by the bigger ones. This led Italian cities to a polarization in development and consequently a unified domestic market was hard to take shape. Coupled with the decay of major industrial sectors, Italian economy in the early modern times lost its leading role in Europe, and thus made the Mediterranean Trade Region＇s economic strength began to decline.