从《文选》书笺看建安文学批评之动因

STUDY ON MOTIVATIONS OF LITERARY CRITICISM DURING JIAN' AN PERIOD FROM THE LETTERS COLLECTED IN WENXUAN

从《文选》收录的建安时期书笺入手并结合相关史料,通过对当时文士思想与创作的深入考察,从三个角度探究推动建安文学批评发生突破性进展之动因。首先,书笺以其特有的文体优势成为建安文士沟通情感、对话思想的重要载体,其中涉及文学话题的讨论已包涵建安文学批评理论的雏形。其次,建安二十二年诸多偶然与必然事件的爆发对文士造成巨大的心理冲击,作为核心成员的曹丕在此复杂心态下撰文怀人,完成了建安文学批评理论的基本构建。最后,在群体性同题创作风气的影响下,建安文学批评形成了人化与对照的特有方式。它们共同构成促进建安文学批评发生发展之动因。

According to the research based on the letters collected in Wenxuan and some basic historic al materials, this article analyzes the motivations of why there are some big breakthroughs appeared on literary criticism during Jian＇an Period from three perspectives, through studying the thoughts and literary works of the literati at that time. Firstly, letter which was formally called Shujian at that time is an important carrier on feeling exchange and ideological dialogue, and some rudiments of literary criticism had appeared in the discussions involving literature. Secondly, many far-reaching events occurred both of coincidentally and inevitably in the year of Jian＇an er＇shi＇er nian posed big challenges for the literati on psychology. What＇s more, Cao Pi finished the outline of the theory system on literary criticism by writing for mourning his dead friends. Finally, there is an unique style on literary criticism gradually formed with the influence of group writing for the same topic as a writing fashion. All these factors account for the motivations of literary criticism during Jian＇an Period.