不可虚构原则与叙述方式——从叙述学视域看报告文学文体的基本规定性

The Principle of No Fiction and the Narrative Mode: The Basic Prescriptive Feature of Reportage from the Perspective of Narration

虚构,既是一个故事材料问题,也是一个叙述方式问题。面对同样的非虚构题材,因采用不同的叙述方式,会一定程度地发生实录与虚构分野。因此,报告文学的生命线———不可虚构性,不仅应该从其对象的真实性中去寻找,还应该从叙述本身的真实性中去寻找。同时,报告文学的"新闻性",也不仅是叙述对象范畴,还应该从写作姿态、叙述方式上理解。因而,不是"展现"(showing)式叙述,而是以作为叙述者的记者的行走、采访等"在场"的"讲述"(telling)式叙述构成其主导性的叙述方式。这应该成为报告文学文体叙事学的基本规定性。

Fiction is an issue of the materials in the story, as well as the issue of narrative mode. Dealing with the same no fiction materials, different narrative modes may cause divergence between true record and fabrication. So the lifeline of reportage, i. e. , no fiction, should been found not only in its objective truthfulness, but also in its narration. At the same time, the ＂news reporting feature＂ of reportage is not only a cate- gory of narration objects, but also to be understood from writing attitude and narrative mode. Therefore, the leading narrative mode should be the walking, interviewing and ＂telling＂ on the site by the narrator as a correspondent, rather than just a narration of ＂showing＂. This should be the basic prescriptive feature of reportage narration.