美国线人制度:运用与规制的双重分析

THE AMERICAN INFORMANT SYSTEM:THE DOUBLE ANALYSIS OF USE AND REGULATION

在美国,线人有不同的界定与分类,线人使用的法律依据有成文法、判例法与内部规范,线人的物建、线人的使用与管理、线人使用情况通报和线人的停止使用等,都由司法部的内部规范加以规定,成文法较少提及,判例法主要涉及线人使用中的法律问题。在美国的侦查实践中,线人作用虽然十分重要,但线人的使用也存在着巨大风险,还需要解决线人身份保密和证据合理性等一系列的证据运用问题。

In the U.S. context, informants have different definitions and classification and the legal basis for the use of informants have statute law, case law and internal norms. The building, use and management of informants, the briefing about the use of informants and the stop of the use of informants have all been provided by internal norms of the Department of Justice and is rarely mentioned in statute law. Case law is mainly related to the legal issues of using informants. In the investigative practice of the U. S. , the informant＇ s role is very important but there is a huge risk in the use of informants. It involves a series of problems in the use of evidence such as the confidential identity of informants and the rationality of evidence.