世界信息化发展空间格局及对中国的启示

Spatial Pattern of the Worldwide Information and Communication Technologies(ICTs) and Its Enlightenment

20世纪90年代以来,信息技术的蓬勃发展对全球的社会经济活动及其空间过程产生了深刻的影响。其中,尤其值得地理学家关注的是,各个国家和地区的信息化发展水平(尤其是信息技术基础设施)的空间不均衡分布(即所谓的"数字鸿沟"),这将影响社会经济活动的区位选择。信息时代,良好的区位意味着可接近、快速沟通与高收益的网络,即高信息化发展水平。在这种背景下,本文通过模糊层次分析法建立信息化评价指标体系,测算全球154个国家和地区的信息化发展水平,并计算洲际层面和国家层面的变差系数CV,系统研究世界信息化发展进程、空间格局及存在的数字鸿沟。另外,还分析并揭示了我国信息化发展与发达国家之间的差距,以期对中国信息化发展提出政策和建议。

Recent decades have witnessed extraordinary advances in information and communication technologies （ICTs）, which have helped to change social and economic life. In particular, ICTs make the propaganda of information and knowledge much easier and faster than ever. In such a sense, their spatial distribution affects the evolution of knowledge-based economy and location networ~ Recently, the rapid increase of China＇s ICTs system becomes outstanding in the world. Based on the outline of global ICTs development, this paper constructs the indicator system of ICT development index （IDI） based on fuzzy analytic hierarchy process, and measures and calculates the IDI of 154 main countries all over the worl＆ Then the paper analyzes the development and spatial pattern of ICTs in global scale, regional scale and country scale. Finally, the paper discusses the digital divide between China and the developed countries, and tries to conclude several lessons from the development of IeTs worldwide.