支气管肺发育不良婴儿肺功能的初步研究

The lung function tests of infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia by ultrasonic flow meter

目的探讨支气管肺发育不良(BPD)及早产对肺功能的影响。方法将入选的婴儿,分为足月儿组(n=34例)、BDP组(n=22例)及非BDP早产儿组(n=25例)。平均纠正胎龄38周时(37～41周),在安静睡眠状态下,运用超声流量仪,采用反复呼吸气体洗出法进行功能残气量(FRC/kg)、通气不均匀性和潮气呼吸等肺功能参数的检测。结果 BPD组、非BPD早产儿组与足月儿组比较,FRC/kg降低,代表肺通气均匀性的肺清除指数(LCI)增高,呼吸频率(RR)增快,呼气达峰时间比(TPTEF/TE)降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);且BPD组与非BPD早产儿组各指标比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 BPD及非BPD早产儿在婴儿早期均存在功能残气量和通气效率降低及小气道阻塞,以BPD患儿更明显。

Objective To investigate lung function characteristics of preterm infants with and without bronchopulmonary dysplasia（BPD） ,and to assess the influence of premature birth and BPD for the functional development of the lungs. Methods Twenty-two preterm infants with BPD,25 preterm infants without BPD and 34 healthy born-infants were studied at a matched post menstrual age of 38 weeks（37 weeks to 41 weeks） during quiet natural sleep. Lung function parameters measured were functional resid- ual capacity（FRC/kg） and ventilation inhomogeneity by multiple breath washout measurements using an ultrasonic flow meter, as well as tidal breathing parameters. Results Compared with healthy term infants, preterm infants with BPD and preterm infants without BPD had lower FRC/kg,increased ventilation inhomogeneity, expressed as LCI, higher respiratory rates and lower ratios of time to peak expiratory flow and expiratory time（TPTEF/TE）（P〈0.01）. The BPD infants differed from preterm infants without BPD in the same variables（P〈0.05）. Conclusion At the same postmenstrual age of 38 weeks,BPD and non-BPD preterm have a sign;ficant reduced FRC,impairment of gas mixing efficiency and small airway obstruction,the BPD group is more evident.