重庆市巫溪县中小学生贫血、维生素A营养状况及生长水平调查

Survey on growth level,anemia and vitamin A deficiency among 356 primary and middle school students in wuxi county of Chongqing city

目的了解经济欠发达地区重庆市巫溪县中小学生贫血、维生素A(VA)营养状况及该地区中小学生体格生长水平,探讨其影响因素,为制定干预措施提供依据。方法从重庆市巫溪县约60所寄宿制中小学中随机抽取4所学校,包括小学2所,初中2所;选取年龄10～19岁的小学五年级及初中一、二年级学生共356名为受试者,分别进行体格检查、血红蛋白浓度及血清VA浓度测定。结果受试者维生素A缺乏率14.6%,可疑亚临床维生素A缺乏率50.8%,维生素A正常率34.6%;小学生VA缺乏率显著高于中学生(P<0.01);受试者总体贫血患病率为18.3%;VA水平与血红蛋白浓度呈正相关(r=0.008)。受试者生长迟缓率为24.7%,消瘦率为6.2%。结论巫溪县中小学生贫血及VA缺乏患病率均较高,且贫血与VA营养状况相关;该地区中小学生生长迟缓率也较高。提示在该地区中小学生中应加强营养(尤其是贫血及VA缺乏防治方面的知识)的宣教,并制订相应防治策略,以促进其健康发展。

Objective To evaluate the growth level,the prevalence of anemia and vitamin A deficiency among children at primary and middle schools in Wuxi county of Chongqing. Methods 356 children aged from 7 to 19 years were selected randomly from 2 primary and 2 middle schools in the Wuxi County, Chongqing, China. Their height and weight were measured respectively. At the same time,the levels of Haemoglobin and vitamin A were also determined. Results The prevalence of vitamin A deficiency was 14.6% ,and doubtful subclinical vitamin A deficiency 50.8%. The ratio of vitamin A deficiency in the students of primary school was higher than that in the middle school. The prevalence of anemia was 18.3% in all subjects. There was positive correlation between the levels of vitamin A and Haemoglobin（r：0. 008）. The prevalence of stunting and wasting was 24.7% and 6.2% ,respectively. Conclusion The prevalence of anemia, stuning,wasting, and vitamin A deficiency was higher in the Wuxi County, suggesting us to pay attention to the students＇ nutrition status at primary and middle schools of poverty-stricken areas such as Wuxi county.