重庆市近10年水资源承载力时空格局动态演变研究

Studies on Spatial and Temporal Evolution of Chongqing Water Ecological Carrying Capacity in Last Ten Years

以生态足迹理论为基础,通过水资源生态足迹模型研究了重庆市2000～2009年水资源生态足迹和水资源承载力时空格局动态演变。结果表明,近10年来,重庆市人均水资源生态足迹和人均水资源承载力波动呈下降的趋势,水资源生态足迹从2000年的3.50hm2/人下降到2009年的2.64 hm2/人,水资源承载力从2000年的6.05 hm2/人下降到2009年的3.48 hm2/人,并在2001年和2006年达到低谷期。在空间上,重庆市水资源生态足迹和水资源承载力空间差异较为明显,都市发达经济圈和渝西走廊的水资源承载力和水资源生态足迹较低,其中最突出的为渝中区;三峡库区、渝东南水资源生态足迹和水资源承载力相对较高,其中城口县和巫溪县最为突出。此外,重庆市40个区县总体上水资源生态足迹基本低于水资源承载力,存在着生态盈余,但部分区县的水资源生态赤字仍较为严重。

According to the basic principle and the calculation model of ecological footprint, the spatial patterns and dynamic laws of resources in Chongqing 2000 - 2009 were analyzed. The result showed that water resources per capita ecological footprint and per capita water resources capacity of Chongqing fluctuated in a downward trend. The ecological footprint of water resources fell from 3.50 hmE/person in 2000 to 2.64 hmZ/person in 2009. Water resources carrying capacity fell from 6.05 hm^2/person in 2000 to 3.48 braE/person in 2009, and reached the trough period in 2001 and 2006. In the space, the ecological footprint of Chongqing waters resources and water resources carrying capacity showed obviously different spatial distribution. The water resources carrying capacity and ecological footprint of the developed metropolis and the west Chongqing were low. One of the most outstanding was the Yuzhong district. The water ecological footprint and water resources carrying capacity of Three Gorges reservoir and the southeast ecological was relatively high, especially in Chengkou County and Wuxi County. In addition, the 40 districts and counties of Chongqing general water resources ecological footprint was substantially below the carrying capacity of water resources. There were ecological surplus. But some of the districts of water resources ecological deficit were still serious.