我国大面积部署能源植物的生态环境风险

Eco-environmental Risks of Large-scale Deployment of Energy Plants in China

我国在"不争粮,不争耕地,不争(食用)油、糖,充分利用边际土地"的原则下,规划了较为宏大的能源植物种植目标。但由于"三不一充分"原则过于笼统、缺乏相应的法律约束力以及边际土地利用的可行性与生态风险尚未明确等原因,大面积种植能源植物,尤其是以第一代生产生物乙醇为主的能源植物,可能对农业土地利用构成压力,也可能使多用途的糖类、油料作物转而用于生物燃料生产,从而间接地影响了农用地与农业生产。边际土地开发也可能加剧北方地区水资源短缺局面,导致水土流失、土壤肥力下降、水质下降等问题。鉴于目前国内进行的相关实证研究较少,决策者应慎重规划我国能源作物种植规模与种植布局,对于其环境效应给予足够关注。

Chinese government has planned a more ambitious target for energy plant caltivation under the principles of ＂no land competition of food, edible oil and edible sugar, fully utilizing the marginal land＂. However, the principles are too general with a lack of appropriate legally binding, and the feasibility and ecological risk of marginal land are not yet clear. So large-scale cultivation of energy plants, especially the first generation of energy plants which are mainly used to produce bio-ethanol, may propose pressure on agricultural land. Moreover, the multi-pur- pose sugar and oil crops may be diverted to biofuels production, thus will indirectly affect the agricultural production. Marginal land exploita- tion may also exacerbate water shortages in northern regions, and lead to many problems, such as soil erosion, soil fertility decrease and water quality deterioration. Given the few current empirical research, policy maker should carefully plan the size and deployment of energy plants cultivation. Meanwhile, the policy maker should also give sufficient attention about its environmental impact.