近代中国知识分子的择偶倾向与取舍——以报刊媒介的两性话题为视角

The Tendency of Intellectuals to Choose a Spouse in Modern China : A Perspective from Gender Topic in Newspapers

中国传统社会人们的择偶观念一向表现较为含蓄,"五四"新文化运动不仅开启了思想启蒙之牖,而且也打开了自由恋爱之闸。其时的报刊杂志是知识男女青年获取新婚恋观的渠道,也是他们表达自己择偶心声的场所。《大公报》、《中外日报》、《东方杂志》、《妇女杂志》、《女子月刊》等都十分关注两性话题,反映出男性在接受新婚恋观时,渴盼与一位学识相当的女性,共同结成具备知己与爱情的婚姻关系;而经自由平等理念影响的知识女性,则在抗命挣脱传统婚姻枷锁后,更难抵御恋爱至上的浪漫诱惑。其时的婚恋自由开始成为青年知识男女的共同诉求。然而,由于新旧观念的冲突与杂糅,男性在婚恋中期盼的实际上是同时具备新知识和旧道德的女性;而女性在爱情理想中既追求人格平等,又仍然执着于寻求男性的庇护。

The concept of choice of spouses always has been veiled in traditional Chinese society. The May 4th New Cul- tural Movement not only opened the window of enlightenment thought, but also the sluice of free low~. Newspapers and maga- zines in that era were channels for young men and women to obtain a new marriage concept, and were arena to express their own voice. Ta Kung Pao, ZhongWai Daily, The Eastern Miscellany, The Ladies＇Journal and The Ladies＇ Monthly were con- cerned about the topic of gender. When a man accepted the new concept of marriage, he was eager to marry a woman with rel- atively equivalent education, and formed a marital relationship with confidant and love. After the traditional marriage shackles were broken , female intellectuals affected by the concept of freedom and equality were unlikely to resist romantic temptation of the love supreme. Freedom of marriage and love became the common demands for young intellectuals in that era. However, owing to the conflict and hybridity of the old and the new values, men looked forward to women with new knowledge and old moral in the process of marriage and love ,while, women pursued both personality equality and male aegis.