斑节对虾2个地理种群自交与杂交F1的生长性能

Growth performance of inbred and hybrid F1s created from the cross of two geographic Penaeus monodon populations

以三亚(S)、泰国(T)两个地理群体的野生斑节对虾(Penaeus monodon)为亲本,建立自交组合SS(S♀×S♂)、TT(T♀×T♂)和杂交组合ST(S♀×T♂)、TS(T♀×S♂)。对各组合F1的5个生长性状(体长、体质量、头胸甲长、头胸甲高、头胸甲宽)进行测量,对杂交组合进行杂种优势分析。结果表明,杂交组合在各个性状上均表现出一定的杂种优势(2.13%～19.70%),其中正交组合(ST)的杂种优势均高于反交组合(TS)(P<0.05)。对各性状进行单因素方差分析表明,4个组合的子代在体长、体质量、头胸甲长、头胸甲高性状上存在显著差异(P<0.05),但在头胸甲宽这一性状上无显著差异(P>0.05)。多重方差分析结果显示,正交组合(ST)的体长、体质量、头胸甲长性状显著高于自交组合(SS、TT)(P<0.05)。研究结果为斑节对虾杂交育种的具体应用提供了重要参考依据。

We evaluated the growth of inbred and hybrid groups of Penaeus monodon from populations of Sanya （S） and Thailand（T）. Two inbred groups, SS （S♀×S♂） and TT （T♀×T♂）, and two hybrid groups, ST （S♀×T♂） and TS （T♀× S♂） were established. We measured the following traits in the offspring of each group： body length, body weight, carapace length, carapace width, and carapace height. The order of growth performance was ST〉TS〉TT〉SS based on the five traits. Prior studies of gene diversity have documented strong differentiation between populations from the western Pacific Ocean and the south China Sea, providing a theoretical basis for heterosis between the Sanya and Thailand populations. Heterosis of the hybrid combination for the five traits ranged from 2.13% to 19.7% and was highest for body weight. The heterosis of the hybrid group ST was higher than that of the hybrid group TS for all traits （P〈0.05）. There was a significant difference in body length, body weight, carapace length, and carapace height of the offspring among the four groups （P〈0.05）, but no difference in carapace width （P〉0.05）. Multiple covariance analysis suggested that length, body weight, and carapace length were significantly different between the hybrid group ST and both inbred groups （P〈0.05）. Our results provide an important reference for hybrid breeding of Penaeus monodon.