中国青年人口的基本特征及其面临的主要问题——基于“第六次人口普查”数据的分析

The Basic Characteristics of Chinese Young Population and the Main Problems They Are Facing—an Analysis Based on the Data from the Sixth Population Census

文章通过对第六次人口普查数据的分析,刻画了当前中国青年人口的基本特征:1)青年人口的绝对数量及其在总人口中的相对占比迅速降低,这会加重其未来的养老压力;2)由出生性别比失衡所导致的年龄性别比的失衡状况仍然严重,青年适婚人口会面临婚姻挤压——主要是对男性的婚姻挤压;3)九年义务制教育的推行与高等教育的扩招,使青年人口的受教育水平有了长足提升,这使教育不平等更多地表现为对优质教育资源分享机会的不平等;4)中国青年人口的初婚年龄大大推迟,青年人口的结婚率也随之下降。

After the data analysis of the sixth population census, the author describes the basic charac- teristics of the young population in the present China： 1） The young population is rapidly decreasing both in absolute terms and as a proportion of the population, increasing the future pressure of their providing for the aged; 2） The imbalance between the sexes of an age group caused by that at birth is still serious, which is likely to bring about the press of marriage for the young marriageable population, mainly for males; 3） The implementation of nine-year compulsory education and the expansion of higher education have greatly im- proved the education of young population whereas educational inequality is more frequently referred to as the inequality in the access to quality educational resources; 4） Chinese young population＇s age of the first marriage has been raised greatly and their marriage rate has reduced as well.