糖尿病大鼠睾丸附睾形态及细胞数量的变化

Morphology and cell numbers change of testis and epididymis in male rats with diabetes mellitus

目的观察糖尿病(DM)大鼠睾丸附睾形态及主要细胞数量的变化。方法取33只正常雄性SD大鼠,随机分为对照组10只和DM组23只。DM组用腹腔内注射链脲佐菌素的方法建立DM大鼠模型,对照组注射相同剂量的柠檬酸—柠檬酸钠缓冲液。造模成功33 d后处死两组动物,并取大鼠睾丸、附睾制作切片,光镜下观察其形态变化,采用体视学方法测算睾丸或附睾内主要细胞的数量。结果两组大鼠睾丸的精子发生均活跃,可见各级生精细胞;与对照组相比,DM组大鼠睾丸内处于精子发生前半期的生精小管内生精细胞排列疏松,细胞层数偏少,部分生精小管内有晚期的长形精子细胞滞留现象,附睾管内精子密度相对较小。DM组大鼠睾丸中A型精原细胞为(9.1±0.3)×106、B型精原细胞为(4.3±0.4)×106、细线前期初级精母细胞为(25±2)×106、细线期和偶线期初级精母细胞为(26±3)×106、粗线期的初级精母细胞为(101±9)×106、精子细胞为(475±13)×106、支持细胞为(32.9±2.3)×106、肌样细胞为(10.3±0.9)×106、间质细胞为(29.3±1.9)×106,附睾内精子为(321.3±53.1)×106;对照组分别为(11.5±0.4)×106、(5.7±0.2)×106、(30±3)×106、(37±2)×106、(131±8)×106、(593±6)×106、(34.3±1.2)×106、(17.3±0.6)×106、(39.1±1.3)×106、(609.8±43.1)×106;两组比较,P均<0.05。结论 DM大鼠造模后短期内睾丸附睾丸的形态变化不明显,但睾丸内各种细胞数量有显著减少,特别是附睾丸内成熟精子数量显著减少,这可能与睾丸内精子细胞释放障碍有关。

Objective To study the testis and epididymis morphology and cell numbers change of male rats with short- term diabetes mellitus（DM）. Methods 33 normal male SD rats were randomly divided into control group （n = 10） and DM group （ n = 23 ）. The diabetic animal model was established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin, 30 days later the testis and epididymis were removed to make sections, observed the histological structure change under light microscope, and stereological method was used to estimate the numbers of various cells in the testis and sperm in the epididymis. Resuits Morphological observation results showed that the germ cells of the earlier stage of spermatogenic cycle arranged loosely in the seminiferous tubules, and the detained late elongated spermatids in some seminiferous tubules was observed in the DM group, besides different cell number in the testis were significantly decreased except the secondary spermatocytes and Sertoli cells, total number of sperm in epididymis significantly decreased by 47% in the DM group. Conclusion The morphological changes of testis or epididymis of male rats with short-term diabetes is not obvious, but the cell number of testis are significantly reduced, especially the number of mature sperm in epididymis decreased significantly, which may be mainly ascribed to testis spermiation impaired.